Trump’s ‘Big, Beautiful Bill’ passes Senate: What’s in it, who voted how?

The United States Senate narrowly passed President Donald Trump’s monolithic taxation and spending measure connected Tuesday, pursuing aggravated negotiations and a marathon voting league connected amendments.

The bill, which inactive faces a challenging way to last support successful the House of Representatives, would enforce heavy cuts to fashionable wellness and nutrition programmes, among different measures, portion offering $4.5 trillion successful taxation reductions.

The measurement was approved aft astir 48 hours of statement and amendment battles.

Here is what you request to know:

What is Trump’s ‘Big, Beautiful Bill’?

The measure is simply a portion of authorities that combines taxation cuts, spending hikes connected defence and borderline security, and cuts to societal information nets into 1 elephantine package.

The main extremity of the measure is to widen Trump’s 2017 taxation cuts, which are acceptable to expire astatine the extremity of 2025. It would marque astir of these taxation breaks permanent, portion besides boosting spending connected borderline security, the subject and vigor projects.

The measure is partially funded by cutting healthcare and nutrient programmes.

The nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office estimates Trump’s measurement volition summation the US indebtedness by $3.3 trillion implicit the adjacent 10 years. The US authorities presently owes its lenders $36.2 trillion.

The cardinal aspects of the measure include:

Tax cuts

In 2017, Trump signed the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, which lowered taxes and accrued the modular deduction for each taxpayers, but it chiefly benefitted higher-income earners.

Those taxation breaks are acceptable to expire this year, but the caller measure would marque them permanent. It besides adds immoderate much cuts helium promised during his campaign.

There is simply a alteration to the US taxation codification called the SALT deduction (State and Local Taxes). This lets taxpayers deduct definite authorities and section taxes (like income oregon spot taxes) connected their national taxation return.

Currently, radical tin lone deduct up to $10,000 of these taxes. The caller measure would rise that headdress from $10,000 to $40,000 for 5 years.

Taxpayers would besides beryllium allowed to deduct income earned from tips and overtime, arsenic good arsenic involvement paid connected loans for buying cars made successful the US.

The authorities contains astir $4.5 trillion successful taxation cuts.

Children

If the bill does not go law, the kid taxation recognition – which is present $2,000 per kid each twelvemonth – volition autumn to $1,000, starting successful 2026.

But if the Senate’s existent mentation of the measure is approved, the recognition would emergence to $2,200.

Border partition and security

The measure sets speech astir $350bn for Trump’s borderline and nationalist information plans. This includes:

• $46bn for the US-Mexico borderline wall
• $45bn to money 100,000 beds successful migrant detention centres
• Billions much to prosecute an other 10,000 Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) agents by 2029 arsenic portion of Trump’s program to transportation retired the largest wide deportation effort successful US history.

Cuts to Medicaid and different programmes

To assistance offset the outgo of the taxation cuts and caller spending, Republicans program to standard backmost Medicaid and nutrient assistance programmes for low-income families.

They accidental their extremity is to refocus these information nett programmes connected the groups they were primitively meant to help, chiefly large women, radical with disabilities and children – portion besides reducing what they telephone discarded and abuse.

Medicaid helps Americans who are mediocre and those with disabilities, portion the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) helps radical spend groceries.

Currently, much than 71 cardinal radical beryllium connected Medicaid, and 40 cardinal person benefits done SNAP. According to the Congressional Budget Office, the measure would permission an further 11.8 cardinal Americans without wellness security by 2034 if it becomes law.

Clean vigor taxation cuts

Republicans are pushing to importantly standard backmost taxation incentives that enactment cleanable vigor projects powered by renewables similar star and wind. These taxation breaks were a cardinal portion of erstwhile President Joe Biden’s landmark 2022 law, the Inflation Reduction Act, which aimed to tackle clime alteration and trim healthcare costs.

A taxation interruption for radical who bargain caller oregon utilized electrical vehicles would expire connected September 30 this twelvemonth if the measure passes successful its existent form, alternatively of astatine the extremity of 2032 nether existent law.

Debt limit

The authorities would rise the indebtedness ceiling by $5 trillion, going beyond the $4 trillion outlined successful the mentation passed by the House successful May.

Who benefits most?

According to Yale University’s Budget Lab, wealthier taxpayers are apt to summation much from this measure than lower-income Americans.

They estimation that radical successful the lowest income bracket volition spot their incomes driblet by 2.5 percent, chiefly due to the fact that of cuts to SNAP and Medicaid, portion the highest earners volition spot their incomes emergence by 2.2 percent.

Which senators voted against the bill?

Republican Senator Susan Collins of Maine opposed owed to heavy Medicaid cuts affecting low-income families and agrarian healthcare.

I powerfully enactment extending the taxation alleviation for families and tiny businesses. My ballot against this measure stems chiefly from the harmful interaction it volition person connected Medicaid, affecting low-income families and agrarian wellness attraction providers similar our hospitals and nursing homes.

— Sen. Susan Collins (@SenatorCollins) July 1, 2025

Republican Senator Thom Tillis of North Carolina cited concerns implicit Medicaid reductions to his constituents. Tillis has announced that helium volition not question re-election, amid threats from Trump that helium would backmost a Republican challenger to Tillis.

The facts matter. The radical matter. The Senate’s Medicaid attack breaks promises and volition footwear radical disconnected of Medicaid who genuinely request it. The Senate tin marque 1 elemental hole to marque definite that won’t happen. pic.twitter.com/zvW1AgCxBF

— Senator Thom Tillis (@SenThomTillis) June 30, 2025

Republican Senator Rand Paul of Kentucky voted “no” connected fiscal grounds, informing that the measure would importantly worsen the nationalist deficit.

Throughout the Vote-a-rama, I was moving each nighttime to halt Congress from adding to our debt.

I met with @VP and I reiterated my connection to ballot for the bill—if it included a 90% simplification successful the indebtedness ceiling.

No earmarks. No handouts. Just existent fiscal reform.

I wasn’t looking…

— Rand Paul (@RandPaul) July 1, 2025

Every subordinate of the Democratic caucus, a full of 47 senators, besides voted against the bill.

Who supported the measure successful the Senate?

The remaining Republicans voted successful favour, allowing the measure to walk 51–50, with the deciding ballot formed by Vice President JD Vance.

Trump has acceptable a July 4 deadline to walk the measure done Congress, but conceded connected Tuesday that it would beryllium “very hard to do” by that date, since the House present needs to ballot connected it. The House had passed an earlier mentation of the measure successful May, but needs to look astatine it again owed to the amendments brought by the Senate.

Notable Senator supporters include:

Senator Lisa Murkowski (representative of Alaska): Her backing was secured aft Republicans agreed to Alaska-specific provisions, including delayed nutrition cuts and a caller agrarian wellness fund, making her ballot pivotal.

“I person an work to the radical of the authorities of Alaska, and I unrecorded up to that each azygous day,” she told a newsman for NBC News.

Senators Rick Scott of Florida, Mike Lee of Utah, Ron Johnson of Wisconsin and Cynthia Lummis of Wyoming: These fiscally blimpish senators shifted from hesitation to enactment pursuing amendments to the bill.

Senate Majority Leader John Thune led the propulsion to walk the legislation.

How person lawmakers and the nationalist reacted?

Most Republican lawmakers celebrated it arsenic a historical achievement.

Trump besides expressed delight.

“Wow, euphony to my ears,” Trump said aft a newsman told him the news. “I was besides wondering however we’re doing, due to the fact that I cognize this is primetime, it shows that I attraction astir you,” helium added.

Thune said aft the vote: “In the end, we got the occupation done, and we’re delighted to beryllium capable to beryllium partners with President Trump and his agenda.”

Democrats opposed it, calling it a giveaway to the affluent astatine the disbursal of healthcare, nutrient assistance and clime policy.

“Today’s ballot volition haunt our Republican colleagues for years to come,” Democrat Chuck Schumer said successful a level code aft the vote.

“Republicans covered this enclosure successful shame,” helium added.

Today's ballot volition haunt Senate Republicans for years to come.

Americans volition spot the harm done arsenic hospitals close, arsenic radical are laid off, arsenic costs spell up, and arsenic the indebtedness increases.

Democrats volition marque definite Americans retrieve the betrayal that took spot today. pic.twitter.com/WmwnZa5n9k

— Chuck Schumer (@SenSchumer) July 1, 2025

The US Chamber of Commerce led a conjugation of much than 145 organisations supporting the bill, emphasising it would “foster superior investment, occupation creation, and higher wages”.

They praised the imperishable taxation cuts and borderline information funding.

However, healthcare and infirmary associations person warned that millions could suffer coverage, driving up exigency and unpaid attraction costs. Environmental groups person besides voiced beardown opposition.

Public sentiment connected the measure is successful decline, too.

“Initially, [Trump] had much than 50 percent of the support. Now, it is nether 50 percent, and politicians cognize that,” Al Jazeera’s Alan Fisher said, reporting from Washington, DC.

“They are alert that this could pb to a chopped successful Medicaid. They are aware, adjacent though Donald Trump had promised to support it, that this could chopped nutritional programmes, peculiarly for poorer families successful the United States.

“And though they volition get taxation cuts, they person managed a batch of the clip to beryllium convinced by the Democratic statement that, yes, determination are taxation cuts, but billionaires volition bash overmuch amended retired of this than the mean American people, and that is what’s changed the sentiment polls,” helium added.

What happens next?

The process begins with the House Rules Committee, which volition conscionable to people up the measure and determine however statement and information volition proceed connected the House floor.

After the measure passes done the Rules Committee, it volition determination to the House level for statement and a ballot connected the rule, perchance arsenic soon arsenic Wednesday morning.

If the House of Representatives does not judge the Senate’s mentation of the bill, it could marque changes and nonstop it backmost to the Senate for different vote.

Alternatively, some chambers could name members to a league committee to enactment retired a compromise.

Once some the House and Senate hold connected the last text, and it is passed successful some chambers of Congress, the measure would spell to Trump to beryllium signed into law.